MS complications
MS is a lifelong condition that can affect overall health. With proper management of symptoms, people living with MS can often remain active for many years. And not everyone will have complications. However, some complications are common to many people living with MS.
Here are seven common issues that affect people with MS, and ways to help manage them.
Corticosteroids are no longer the first line of defense against MS. This is because of the
Complications from short-term oral corticosteroid use include:
- high blood pressure
- fluid retention
- pressure in the eyes
- weight gain
- mood and memory problems
Few people should take corticosteroids long term. However, if you do take a corticosteroid long term, you may be at greater risk for complications that include:
- infections
- high blood sugar
- thin bones and fractures
- cataracts
- bruises
- reduced adrenal gland function
MS causes interruptions in signals between the brain and the urinary tract and bowel systems. This means that sometimes the body doesn’t receive the message that it’s time to release waste. Sometimes nerve damage may also affect signals to the brain along with muscle function in the parts of the body that release waste.
These bladder and bowel problems usually include:
- constipation
- diarrhea
- incontinence
The bladder may be overactive or fail to empty completely. To help with bowel and bladder issues, some people follow a high-fiber diet or take medications like fiber agents or stool softeners. Others receive nerve stimulation and physical therapy to help them regain some bowel and bladder function.
According to the MS Society of Canada, people living with MS experience higher rates of depression and bipolar affective disorder. The reasons for these rates are complex.
Depression may be connected to changes in brain tissue caused by MS. It may also be the result of the emotional challenges of living with the condition. Some people with MS may feel a sense of isolation, and face career, economic, and social challenges.
Bipolar affective disorder may also be a side effect of MS progression or certain medications such as corticosteroids.
Treatments for MS-related mental health issues include medications like tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Different forms of psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy also can help manage symptoms. Organizations such as the National MS Society and the MS Coalition also have member resources to help connect people living with MS, and provide strategies for dealing with the challenges of MS, including mental health issues.