MS breakthrough: London researchers have fine-tuned a high-powered MRI to actually measure the amount of damage to that protective sheath

By Jonathan Sher, The London Free Press

Thursday, December 26, 2013

London scientists have made a breakthrough fighting the scourge of multiple sclerosis, fine-tuning MRIs to detect the disease before it ravages its victims.

“This could be a real game-changer,” said Dr. Bruce Bebo, who this year will decide how to invest $50 million in research raised by the National MS Society in the United States.

Bebo marvelled Thursday from afar at the work of a London research team headed by Dr. Ravi Menon that’s aimed at what has been an elusive target — finding and treating MS before it causes physical and cognitive ­impairment.

The challenge is especially pressing in Canada, where MS rates are the highest in the world — nine times higher than the world average.

Neurologists have long used MRIs to diagnose MS by showing damage to the protective sheath that insulates the body’s central nervous system.

Now, London researchers have fine-tuned a high-powered MRI to actually measure the amount of damage to that protective sheath —called myelin — as well as the deposits of iron typically found with the disease.

The team from Western ­University perfected the scans first on rats in a study published this month in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

“It’s a huge step (forward),” Menon told The Free Press.

They then tested it on ­people, and though that study won’t be published until January, ­preliminary data showed that damage might be pinpointed

long before patients are ­traditionally diagnosed, potentially before they had suffered any ill effects.

“It’s really the holy grail, being able to track myelin,” Bebo said.

Though it’s not practical or affordable to screen everyone for MS using an MRI, research is underway to identify those most at risk from the disease. Some day, that work might lead to simpler tests such as a blood test to find those more at-risk who could then be scanned before the onset of symptoms, Bebo said.

In the meantime, more precise MRIs may help people already being treated for the disease with conventional drugs that suppress their immune system — it’s the immune system that attacks the myelin.

That treatment is by trial and error: If patients continue to deteriorate, doctors switch medications. Menon’s MRIs might help doctors switch away from failing medications before the damage occurs, Bebo said.

New research is aimed at reversing the damage to myelin, a task that may deliver even greater benefit if MS is discovered early, he said.

News of the breakthrough brought optimism this week to a Londoner who has grown skeptical over 30 years about “breakthroughs” as he helped his wife and the local MS society.

“It’s been a slow grind to hell,” Bob Sadler said of the challenges faced by his wife Margo and others with the disease. “An early detection system would be great.”

Menon’s team is not the only one seeking a more precise way to find MS and track its course. American researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine this month published research using a different type of scanner aimed not at the brain but the spinal cord, using gamma rays in what’s commonly called a PET scanner.

jonathan.sher@sunmedia.ca

Source: lfpress.com