Could CAR T cell therapy change the way we treat autoimmune diseases?

Stuart SchlossmanClinical Trials, MS Research Study and Reports, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurologic Illnesses

CAR T cell therapy is now being studied in autoimmune diseases, including:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus, including lupus nephritis
  • Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, including different forms of myositis, such as antisynthetase syndrome, polymyositis, and dermatomyositis
  • Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma
  • Multiple sclerosis, including relapsing-remitting MS and progressive MS
  • Myasthenia gravis

The immune system is the body’s natural defense system

T cells and B cells are immune cells that defend the body

The immune system protects the body from invaders, like bacteria or viruses, and harmful cells like cancer. T cells and B cells are immune defenders. They detect and destroy these threats, while sparing healthy cells.

In autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks healthy tissues

Overactive B cells attack healthy cells
Overactive B Cell and Healthy Cell

An overactive immune system is a key contributor to autoimmune diseases. Instead of attacking invaders, some B cells target healthy cells. Left alone, overactive B cells are free to multiply and continue to attack the body’s healthy tissues. If they are not stopped, the damage to the body can get worse over time.

CAR T cell therapy may be able to give the immune system a fresh start

CAR T cell therapy is an innovative treatment now being studied in autoimmune diseases. 

CARs act as sensors programmed to detect B cells

CAR=chimeric antigen receptor.

CAR T cell therapy—a type of immunotherapy—is a personalized medicine. It is made by collecting the patient’s T cells, adding CARs to them, and then returning them to the patient’s body in a one-time infusion.

Inside the body, CARs act as sensors programmed to detect B cells—and only B cells. CARs give CAR T cells the power to search throughout the body to find B cells. CAR T cells find and destroy B cells, which may include overactive and healthy cells. By targeting B cells, CAR T cell therapy removes a key contributor to autoimmune diseases.

When CAR T cell therapy removes B cells, the body replaces them. The theory is that these new B cells may “reset” the immune system, giving it the potential for a fresh start. This is similar to how we reboot a computer or phone to restart it when it is malfunctioning.

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