Mesenchymal stem cells: environmentally responsive therapeutics for regenerative medicine

Stuart SchlossmanStem Cell Related

Information shown below, originated from Patients for Stem Cells

Excellent summary on everything your own Mesenchymal Stem Cells can repair. 

Matthew B Murphy1, Kathryn Moncivais1 and Arnold I Caplan2
  1. 1Celling Biosciences, Austin, TX, USA
  2. 2Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Correspondence: Professor AI Caplan, Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. E-mail:aic@case.edu
Received 8 July 2013; Accepted 22 July 2013
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Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are partially defined by their ability to differentiate into tissues including bone, cartilage and adipose in vitro, but it is their trophic, paracrine and immunomodulatory functions that may have the greatest therapeutic impact in vivo. Unlike pharmaceutical treatments that deliver a single agent at a specific dose, MSCs are site regulated and secrete bioactive factors and signals at variable concentrations in response to local microenvironmental cues. Significant progress has been made in understanding the biochemical and metabolic mechanisms and feedback associated with MSC response. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capacity of MSC may be paramount in the restoration of localized or systemic conditions for normal healing and tissue regeneration. Allogeneic MSC treatments, categorized as a drug by regulatory agencies, have been widely pursued, but new studies demonstrate the efficacy of autologous MSC therapies, even for individuals affected by a disease state. Safety and regulatory concerns surrounding allogeneic cell preparations make autologous and minimally manipulated cell therapies an attractive option for many regenerative, anti-inflammatory and autoimmune applications.

Keywords: 

anti-apoptotic; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial; mesenchymal stem cell; pericyte; trophic
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Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested to be patient-specific drugstores for injured tissue, and with good reason.1 What was originally believed to be a simple differentiation or lineage cascade of mesenchymal tissue cells has proven itself to be a much more elegant and complex entity. MSCs are now known to originate as pericytes, which function as surveyors of their kingdoms, capable of responding to local environmental stimuli with a myriad of beneficial interventions.2 The availability and versatility of these remarkable cells make them an excellent treatment option for a wide variety of clinical pathologies, and it falls to the scientific community to establish clear guidelines for the optimal administration of MSC-based therapies. In the following review, we survey a brief history of MSCs, their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and paracrine effects, and the current status of MSC-based therapies for a multitude of clinical applications.
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